• run silent run deep

    To honor is “to regard or treat with admiration and respect.”1 To dishonor is “to reduce to a lower standing in one’s own eyes or in others’ eyes.”2 If we treat someone with disrespect or contempt, we are dishonoring them. In Robert Wise’s Run Silent Run Deep (1958) Lt. Jim Bledsoe (Burt Lancaster) honors Cmdr. Rich Richardson (Clark Gable) in front of the crew, but he dishonors him when speaking to him privately.

    When Bledsoe first meets Richardson, he is disrespectful and contemptuous. He calls the Captain “the poor desk commander with a tear in his eye”, asks if he got promoted by having “a qualified commander for a backstop”, and wants to be reassigned to another submarine. Bledsoe is angry that Richardson (who failed in a previous mission) was given command instead of him. Disrespecting him is a way to deal with his wounded pride.

    Although Bledsoe dishonors Richardson in their first meeting, he honors him in front of the crew by treating him with respect and following his orders. He also honors him in his absence. When Jerry Cartright (Brad Dexter) mocks the Captain for his caution and focus on drills, Bledsoe rebukes him. Later, several crew members urge Bledsoe to relieve Richardson of command, but he reaffirms the Captain’s authority. He honors Richardson in front of the crew because it is his duty as an officer.

    However, when the crew is not present, Bledsoe continues to dishonor the Captain. Frustrated that Richardson did not attack a Japanese sub, he subtly suggests that it was an act of cowardice. After learning that Richardson wants to go to the Bongo Straights, he is hostile toward him, saying, “Surely you’ve got guts enough” to tell the crew. Bledsoe questions the Captain’s courage because it increases his self-worth as an officer. In harshly criticizing the Captain, he feels assured that he could have done better if he were in charge.

    The individual who treats people with disrespect or contempt often feels justified if what they are saying is true. But this is a rationalization. If we are disrespectful toward someone, we are diminishing them as a human being. If we disagree, we should express our viewpoint without being condescending, treating the person as an equal, never as an inferior. Treating a person with contempt is the moral equivalent of being a racist. Whereas a racist believes his race is superior to another race, a contemptuous person believes he is superior to another person.

    Bledsoe treated Richardson with disrespect and contempt because of his pride: He believed he was a superior officer. He gained respect for Richardson when his innovative missile tactics enabled them to sink the Japanese sub in the Bongo Straights. In the final scene, when the Captain is buried at sea, Bledsoe honors him sincerely, saying before all the crew, “Let no one … ever say we didn’t have a Captain.” Bledsoe realized that Richardson (an older man) had knowledge, wisdom, and experience he did not have. He overcame his pride and learned humility.

    Notes

    1. Merriam Webster, s.v. “honor,” accessed September 28, 2015, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/honor
    2. Merriam Webster, s.v. “dishonor,” accessed November 10, 2015, http://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/dishonor%5Bverb%5D

  • Can-US-Employment-to-population-ratio

    The unemployment rate is defined as “the percentage of the people in the labour force who are unemployed.”1 Although it is considered one of the most important measures of the success or failure of a government’s economic policies, it is a misleading statistic because it does not include people who have stopped looking for work. To determine the real unemployment rate, the labour force participation rate must also be considered, and more importantly, the employment-population ratio.

    The labour force participation rate is “the percentage of the working-age population who are members of the labour force.”2 The labour force includes everyone who has a job or is actively seeking one. In August 2015, Canada’s labour force participation rate was 65.9%, while the unemployment rate was 7.0%.3 In contrast, the U.S. had a lower unemployment rate (5.1%), but the labour force participation rate was only 62.6%, the lowest level since 1977.4 Although Canada had a 1.9% higher unemployment rate, the labour force participation rate was 3.3% higher. This means that a higher percentage of working-age Canadians had jobs than Americans did.

    The chief problem with the unemployment rate statistic is it only includes people who are actively seeking work. If a person stops looking for work, they are no longer counted as members of the labour force. For example, in August 2015, 1.8 million people in the U.S. were “marginally attached to the labour force.”5 Even though they had applied for a job in the past twelve months, they were not counted among the unemployed because they had not applied for a job in the past four weeks.6 Long-term unemployment can be emotionally discouraging for an individual, but if that person “gives up” looking for work, the U.S. government no longer considers them unemployed, and the unemployment rate drops.

    A second problem with the unemployment rate is it can fall if the size of the labour force falls at a faster rate. In June 2015, the U.S. added 223,000 jobs, and the unemployment rate fell to 5.3% from 5.5% in May.7 However, the size of the labour force decreased by 432,000 as the labour force participation rate fell to 62.6% from 62.9%.8 The unemployment rate fell by .2%, but the labour force decreased by .3%. What appeared to be good news was actually bad news for the economy.

    The most accurate measure of unemployment is the employment-population ratio: “the percentage of people of working age who have jobs.”9 Unlike the labour force participation rate, the employment-population ratio includes people who have stopped looking for work. In August 2015, the U.S. ratio was 59.4%,10 while in Canada it was 61.3%.11 Despite having a 1.9% higher unemployment rate, 1.9% more working age Canadians had jobs than Americans did.

    When the unemployment rate falls, the media will often report this as good economic news; however, the actual reality may be better (or worse) than what is reported. The next time you hear the unemployment rate reported, compare it with the labour force participation rate and the employment-population ratio. These two statistics reveal the true state of unemployment.

    Notes

    1. Michael Parkin and Robin Bade, Macroeconomics: Canada in the Global Environment (Toronto: Pearson, 2008), 494.
    2. Parkin and Blade, Macroeconomics, 494.
    3. “Labour force characteristics, seasonally adjusted, by province (monthly),” Statistics Canada, accessed September 16, 2015, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/lfss01a-eng.htm
    4. Andy Kiersz, “The labor force participation rate falls to a 38-year low,” Business Insider, July 2, 2015, http://www.businessinsider.com/labor-force-participation-rate-falls-to-38-year-low-2015-7
    5. Ibid.
    6. Ibid.
    7. Claire Zillman, “U.S. economy adds 223K jobs in June as unemployment dips to 5.3%,” Fortune, July 2, 2015, http://fortune.com/2015/07/02/june-2015-jobs-report-unemployment/
    8. Zillman, “U.S. economy adds 223K jobs in June as unemployment dips to 5.3%,” http://fortune.com/2015/07/02/june-2015-jobs-report-unemployment/
    9. Parkin and Blade, Macroeconomics, 495.
    10. “Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey,” U.S. Department of Labor, accessed September 16, 2015, http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12300000
    11. “Labour force characteristics, seasonally adjusted, by province (monthly),” http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/lfss01a-eng.htm